FDA Priority Review Granted to Brentuximab Vedotin as Frontline Treatment for Hodgkin Lymphoma

Seattle Genetics announced that a supplemental biologics license application (sBLA) for brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) used in combination with Adriamycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) as a frontline treatment for advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma has been granted a priority review by the FDA. Brentuximab vedotin is a CD30-targeted antibody-drug conjugate.

The sBLA is based on findings from the phase III ECHELON-1 trial, which demonstrated superior progression-free survival (PFS) with brentuximab vedotin plus AVD compared with standard ABVD (AVD plus bleomycin). In the study, the brentuximab vedotin regimen reduced the risk of progression, death, or initiation of new therapy by 23% compared with ABVD. The 2-year modified PFS rate was 82.1% with brentuximab vedotin compared with 77.25% for standard chemotherapy (HR, 0.77; P = .035).

In October, Seattle Genetics announced that brentuximab vedotin had received a breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA as a frontline treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma, based on findings from the ECHELON-1 study. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA is scheduled to make its final decision on the sBLA by May 1, 2018.

“The FDA’s filing of our supplemental BLA with Priority Review represents a significant milestone in our goal to redefine the frontline treatment of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma,” Clay Siegall, PhD, president and chief executive officer of Seattle Genetics, said in a statement.

“We recently reported the primary data from the phase 3 ECHELON-1 clinical trial in the Plenary Scientific Session of the 2017 ASH Annual Meeting with simultaneous publication in the New England Journal of Medicine. The data demonstrated superior activity of the Adcetris-containing regimen over standard of care, and we are working with the FDA to make this bleomycin-free regimen available to newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma patients as soon as possible.”

The phase III ECHELON-1 trial enrolled 1334 patients with stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma. All patients had not received prior treatment with systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy and had an ECOG performance status of ≤2. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 83, the median age was 36 years, and 58% were men.

In both arms, treatment was given on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Doxorubicin was given at 25 mg/m², vinblastine was administered at 6 mg/m², and patients received dacarbazine at 375 mg/m². In the investigational arm, brentuximab vedotin was administered at 1.2 mg/kg and in the control group bleomycin was administered at 10 units/m².

The primary endpoint of the study was modified PFS by independent review committee. Under the modified criteria, PFS was defined as time to progression, death, or receipt of additional therapy for those not in complete response. The modified endpoint was meant to eliminate the potential impact of consolidation treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Secondary endpoints included overall survival and safety.

PFS was met with 117 events in the brentuximab vedotin arm and 146 events in the AVBD arm. At a median follow-up of 24.9 months, the 2‑year modified PFS was 82.1% (95% CI, 78.7-85.0) with the brentuximab vedotin regimen compared with 77.2% (95% CI, 73.7-80.4) with ABVD.

In addition, researchers found that 33% fewer patients treated with the brentuximab vedotin regimen received subsequent chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy and transplant compared with the patients treated with ABVD.

Safety profiles were consistent with known toxicities of the single agents. Grade ≥3 infections were more common in the brentuximab vedotin group (18%) than the ABVD arm (10%).

Neutropenia was reported in 58% of patients who received the brentuximab vedotin regimen compared with 45% who received ABVD. In the brentuximab vedotin arm, the rate of febrile neutropenia was lower among the 83 patients who received primary prophylaxis with GCSF than among those who did not (11% vs 21%).

Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 67% of patients receiving brentuximab vedotin plus AVD and 43% of patients receiving ABVD.

There were 28 deaths in the brentuximab vedotin cohort and 39 in the ABVD arm (HR for interim overall survival, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.44-1.17; P = 0.19). Among the deaths that occurred during treatment, 7 of 9 in the brentuximab vedotin group were associated with neutropenia and 11 of 13 in the ABVD group were associated with pulmonary-related toxicity.

Brentuximab vedotin is currently approved for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or after failure of 2 prior regimens, if not candidates for HSCT. The agent is also approved as consolidation therapy for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma at high risk of relapse or progression following autologous HSCT.

Connors J, Jurczak W, Straus D J., et al. Brentuximab vedotin plus doxorubicin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (A+AVD) as frontline therapy demonstrates superior modified progression-free survival versus ABVD in patients with previously untreated stage III or IV hodgkin lymphoma (HL): the phase 3 echelon-1 study. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition; Dec. 9-12, 2017; Atlanta. Abstract 6.